三傻大闹宝莱坞

Scientists Reveal How Mosquitoes Are Able to Smell Humans Even Without Antennae_我的网站

一 |     暑期出境游热了起来。    Mosquitoes use the body odor, heat, and carbon dioxide that humans emit, varying from person to person, to find their next meal. The study, which was published in the scientific journal Cell, reveals that mosquitoes may perceive odors via a variety of distinct pathways, in contrast to animals, which have a single set of neurons that detect each sort of odor.,Female mosquitoes use the variety of odors that people and other animals produce to find the blood that will feed their eggs. The olfactory neurons in the insects' antennae, which are where they take up scents, detect and send scent information to the brain.,Groups of human-odor receptors on the olfactory neurons in the antennae of female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were rendered inactive by the study's lead author Meg Younger and her colleagues at Boston University in Massachusetts using the gene editing tool CRISPR.,"We found that there’s a real difference in the way mosquitoes encode the odors that they encounter compared to what we’ve learned from other animals,” Younger is quoted as saying in the Guardian report on the findings.,According to Younger, the scientists believed that mosquitoes would adhere to the core tenet of olfaction, which states that each neuron expresses only one type of receptor.,“Instead, what we’ve seen is that different receptors can respond to different odors in the same neuron," she added.,This reportedly suggests that mosquitoes can still detect human odors after losing one or more receptors. The researchers asserted that this backup system may have developed as a survival mechanism.,"The mosquito Aedes aegypti is specialized to bite humans, and it is believed that they evolved to do that because humans are always close to fresh water and mosquitoes lay their eggs in fresh water. We are basically the perfect meal, so the drive to find humans is extremely strong," Younger explained,In the end, the researchers argued, knowing how the mosquito brain perceives human odor could be used to influence biting behavior and stop the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever that are transmitted by those insects.,"One major strategy for controlling mosquitoes is to attract them to traps to remove them from the biting population. If we could use this knowledge to understand how human odor is represented in the mosquito antennae and brain, we could develop blends that are more attractive to mosquitoes than we are. We could also develop repellants that target those receptors and neurons that detect human odor," Younger concluded.,Notably, Christopher Potter at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Maryland recently found a similar phenomenon in fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster.,“If one of these types of olfactory receptors is mutated or no longer functioning, there’s this backup system," Potter is quoted as saying in the New Scientist report. “It’s changing the dogma of what we thought we knew about the olfactory system.”,Science & TechSmell of Blood: Mosquitoes' Scent-Based Host-Seeking Mechanism Revealed16 May, 05:54 GMT。记者了解到，仅钱塘公安出入境窗口单日办证峰值就达450件，为应对办理高峰，6月起钱塘窗口开辟“夜间专场”，周三和周五延长至晚上8点，这已是钱塘出入境连续开设“夜间专场”的第三年。副大队长张颖说，上周五夜间的出入境业务预约名额提前全部约满，身份证业务来窗口就能办，无需预约。“大家基本都是下班后陆续过来，也不需要排队，附近群众出来散步的时间就办好了。”晚7点，一个女孩急匆匆跑进来，“刚刚下班，以为要关门了，没想到还开着”。女孩特意化了淡妆，“想让自己护照上的照片漂亮点”。

二 | 她说过段时间打算出国玩，上班没法请假，只能下班赶过来。一对情侣来办护照，男士说了解到新加坡免签，想和女友一起去玩。拍完照来到窗口，男士问：“港澳签注可以一起办理吗？来都来了，干脆都办妥。

三 | ”张颖说可以同时办理，旅游的话，香港最多一年两次，澳门一年一次，签注有效期最长一年。张颖介绍，前期钱塘全区各个公安办事窗口都推出“最美证件照”服务，提供多款服装选择，还有无镜片眼镜框、假发片、卸妆水等便民小物件，尽可能让大家拍得满意。记者看到，大厅有自助填表机、港澳自助签注机、自助取证机和身份证桌面自助受理设备，在自助填表机上确认身份信息，不需要人工填写。几位市民告诉记者，他们事先不知道这里有办证“夜间专场”，在“国家移民管理局”小程序预约时看到能约这个时间段，下班过来很方便，线下15~20分钟就可以办好。小胡前来办理护照，她早就买好了机票，以为护照三五天就能办好，工作人员提醒她，本省户籍7个工作日可以办理完成，如果跨省异地办证需要20天，“要提前规划下出行时间”。张颖说，也有市民以为办护照立等可取，其实有几天制作时间，不过有特殊情况也可以加急办理，旅游不属于加急事项，出国奔丧、治疗重症、探望危重病人等属于加急事由，经核实后可以启动“绿色通道”，5个工作日办理完成。每位前来办理业务的人，窗口工作人员最后都会多嘱咐一句：到了境外一定注意自身安全，时刻提防诈骗……6月至今，每周三、周五的办证“夜间专场”已累计服务超800人次。此外，钱塘出入境管理大队针对高龄、重病、行动不便等确有困难的人群，开通了居民身份证“上门办证”服务。家属或社区可向属地派出所提出申请，审核通过后，民警携带移动采集设备上门，完成人像、指纹等信息录入，这项服务目前也在持续进行。工作人员介绍，钱塘公安出入境办事大厅周一至周日（法定假日除外）开门，每周三、周五的“夜间专场”到8月底结束。

四 | 温馨提示：（1）提前规划行程，尽早办理证件。本省户籍居民办证时限为7个工作日，跨省异地办证时限为20天（不含邮寄和特殊情况调查核验时间）。

五 | （2）出行前仔细核对护照，确保有效期不少于6个月且留有2页以上空白签证页。（3）持往来港澳通行证前往港澳地区，需提前办妥签注。办理3个月有效签注的，证件有效期需大于3个月+20天；办理一年有效签注的，证件有效期大于一年+20天。（4）未满16周岁的申请人，证件更换周期短，出入境证件有效期为5年。

六 | 请及时关注“国家移民管理局”“之江海安”等官方公众号渠道发布的最新出入境政策信息，了解最新的形势变化和办理条件，避免影响出行计划。旅行前做好充分的安全准备，了解目的地的安全状况，遵守当地的法律和习俗，注意人身和财物安全。

七 | 避开外交部预警的高风险国家和地区，警惕网络拼团、陌生邀约、通讯诈骗，尽量与亲友结伴，并告知家人行程。如遇紧急情况，请及时拨打当地报警和急救电话，或拨打外交部全球领事保护与服务应急热线+86-10-12308寻求帮助。

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